A new study by Columbia University researchers found that soccer heading causes damage to the brain’s orbitofrontal region where gray and white matter meet, leading to reduced verbal learning ability[^1].

The research examined 352 adult amateur soccer players in New York City, using advanced diffusion MRI techniques to analyze the gray-white matter interface. Players who performed frequent headers (over 1,000 per year) showed blurring of the normally sharp boundary between gray and white matter in the orbitofrontal region[^2].

Key findings:

• Greater heading exposure directly correlated with less distinct gray-white matter boundaries
• Changes in brain structure mediated poorer performance on verbal learning tests
• Damage concentrated in outer brain layers rather than deep white matter
• Effects most pronounced in players doing over 1,000 headers annually

“What’s important about our studies is that they show, really for the first time, that exposure to repeated head impacts causes specific changes in the brain that, in turn, impair cognitive function,” said study leader Michael Lipton[^3].

The research team plans to investigate potential links between these brain changes and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), while also studying whether cardiovascular exercise might help protect against heading-related brain damage[^3].

[^1]: JAMA Network - Orbitofrontal Gray-White Interface Injury and the Association of Soccer Heading With Verbal Learning

[^2]: Columbia University - Soccer Heading Does Most Damage to Brain Area Critical for Cognition

[^3]: Columbia Radiology - Soccer Heading Linked to Measurable Decline of Brain Structure and Function