Wandering Adventure Party

Scientists at CERN’s BASE collaboration achieved the first-ever coherent spectroscopy of a single antiproton spin, keeping an antiproton oscillating between quantum spin states for 50 seconds[^1]. This breakthrough, published in Nature on July 23, 2025, marks the first demonstration of an antimatter quantum bit (qubit)[^2].

The team used electromagnetic Penning traps to isolate and manipulate individual antiprotons, achieving spin inversion probabilities above 80% during the coherent oscillations[^3]. By suppressing decoherence mechanisms that previously limited precision, they performed quantum measurements with transition linewidths 16 times narrower than previous experiments[^4].

“This represents the first antimatter qubit and opens up the prospect of applying the entire set of coherent spectroscopy methods to single matter and antimatter systems in precision experiments,” said BASE spokesperson Stefan Ulmer[^5]. While the antimatter qubit won’t be used for quantum computing, it enables ultra-precise tests of matter-antimatter symmetry[^6].

The next phase involves BASE-STEP, which will transport antiprotons to calmer magnetic environments. “Once it is fully operational, our new offline precision Penning trap system could allow us to achieve spin coherence times maybe even ten times longer than in current experiments,” said lead author Barbara Latacz[^7].

[^1]: Nature (@nature.com) - Nature research paper: Coherent spectroscopy with a single antiproton spin

[^2]: CERN - Breakthrough: First Coherent Spectroscopy with a Single Antiproton Spin

[^3]: Heinrich Heine University - News

[^4]: Nature - Coherent spectroscopy with a single antiproton spin

[^5]: CERN - A quantum leap for antimatter measurements

[^6]: Interesting Engineering - Scientists trap antiproton for 50 seconds in first antimatter qubit

[^7]: Space.com - Scientists just made the 1st antimatter ‘qubit.’

Recent research has revealed how larvae of the greater wax moth (Galleria mellonella) metabolize low-density polyethylene (LDPE) plastic. The larvae maintain lipid reserves similar to those fed their natural honeycomb diet, even when consuming only plastic[^21].

The wax moth larvae break down plastic through enzymes in their saliva called PEases (Demetra and Ceres), which can oxidize and depolymerize polyethylene within hours at room temperature[^9]. This process occurs without requiring gut bacteria, challenging earlier theories about microbial degradation[^11].

Studies show the larvae’s fat body plays a key metabolic role - when fed LDPE, they exhibit enhanced fatty acid metabolism while maintaining normal intestinal function[^27]. This suggests the wax moth larvae have evolved specialized mechanisms to process plastic compounds similarly to their natural wax diet.

[^9]: Nature - Wax worm saliva and the enzymes therein are the key to polyethylene degradation by Galleria mellonella

[^11]: PubMed - Role of the intestinal microbiome in low-density polyethylene degradation by caterpillar larvae of the greater wax moth

[^21]: PubMed - A Very Hungry Caterpillar: Polyethylene Metabolism and Lipid Homeostasis in Larvae of the Greater Wax Moth

[^27]: Science Direct - Fat on plastic: Metabolic consequences of an LDPE diet in the fat body of the greater wax moth larvae

Scientists have achieved a breakthrough by performing the Lossen rearrangement - a chemical reaction previously confined to harsh laboratory conditions - inside living E. coli bacteria[^1]. The reaction, catalyzed by phosphate naturally present in cells, converts hydroxamic acids into primary amines under mild biological conditions[^2].

The research team demonstrated this biocompatible chemistry by transforming polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic waste into para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), an essential nutrient for bacterial growth[^3]. By introducing genes from mushrooms and soil bacteria, they further engineered E. coli to convert PABA into Paracetamol with 92% yield in under 24 hours[^4].

“People don’t realise that paracetamol comes from oil currently,” said Professor Stephen Wallace from the University of Edinburgh. “What this technology shows is that by merging chemistry and biology in this way for the first time, we can make paracetamol more sustainably and clean up plastic waste from the environment at the same time.”[^5]

[^1]: Nature Chemistry - A biocompatible Lossen rearrangement in Escherichia coli

[^2]: Chemistry World - Bacterium engineered to produce paracetamol from plastic bottle waste

[^3]: Sci.News - Common Gut Bacterium Can Turn Everyday Plastic Waste into Paracetamol

[^4]: BioEngineer - Biocompatible Lossen Rearrangement Achieved in E. coli

[^5]: The Guardian - Scientists use bacteria to turn plastic waste into paracetamol

ETH Zurich researchers have developed a groundbreaking “living material” that actively captures carbon dioxide from the atmosphere through two mechanisms: biomass production and mineral formation[^1][^2].

The material combines cyanobacteria (photosynthetic bacteria) embedded within a printable hydrogel matrix. The cyanobacteria convert CO2 into biomass through photosynthesis while simultaneously triggering the formation of solid carbonate minerals - a process called microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP)[^1].

Key achievements of the material include:

• Sequestered 2.2 mg of CO2 per gram of hydrogel over 30 days
• Captured 26 mg of CO2 per gram over 400 days in mineral form
• Maintained viability for over one year
• Required only sunlight and artificial seawater to function
• Can be 3D printed into various structures[^1]

The research team demonstrated practical applications by creating:

• A 3-meter high tree-trunk structure at the Venice Architecture Biennale that can bind 18kg of CO2 annually
• Building facade coatings that could capture carbon throughout a building’s lifecycle
• Lattice structures that passively transport nutrients through capillary action[^2]

“As a building material, it could help to store CO2 directly in buildings in the future,” said Mark Tibbitt, Professor of Macromolecular Engineering at ETH Zurich[^2].

The material represents a low-maintenance, environmentally friendly approach to carbon capture that operates at ambient conditions using atmospheric CO2, contrasting with industrial methods requiring concentrated CO2 sources and controlled conditions[^1].

[^1]: Nature Communications - Dual carbon sequestration with photosynthetic living materials

[^2]: ETH Zurich - A building material that lives and stores carbon

A groundbreaking study published in July 2025 demonstrates that African savannah elephants use intentional gestures to communicate their goals, similar to great apes[^1]. The research team presented semi-captive elephants with desired and undesired items, recording their communication attempts when experimenters met, partially met, or failed to meet their goals[^1].

The study identified 38 different gesture types that elephants used almost exclusively when a visually attentive experimenter was present[^1]. The elephants showed three key criteria for intentional communication:

1. Audience directedness - signaling only when someone was watching
2. Persistence - continuing to gesture when goals were partially met
3. Elaboration - using new signals when communication failed

The research was conducted at the Jafuta Reserve in Zimbabwe, where elephants combined specific vocalizations with gestures in greeting behaviors[^6]. They used different types of signals including:

• Silent-visual gestures
• Audible gestures
• Tactile gestures
• Rumble vocalizations

The findings reveal that elephants, like apes, assess the communicative effectiveness of their gesturing and adjust their signals based on the audience’s visual attention[^6]. This expands understanding of intentional communication beyond the primate lineage[^9].

[^1]: Royal Society Open Science - Investigating intentionality in elephant gestural communication

[^6]: Nature - Multimodal communication and audience directedness in the greeting behaviour of semi-captive African savannah elephants

[^9]: Pangea Trust - Gestures and greetings used by elephants show intentional multimodal communication

Just a moment...

(royalsocietypublishing.org)